普遍定期審議機制將審查14個國家的人權記錄
2024年1月17日
聯(lián)合國人權理事會普遍定期審議（UPR）工作組第四十五屆會議將于2024年1月22日至2月2日在日內瓦舉行，屆時將對14個國家的人權狀況進行審議。
普遍定期審議是人權理事會的一個獨特機制，要求每個聯(lián)合國會員國每四年半對其人權記錄進行一次同行審議。普遍定期審議工作組由47個成員組成的人權理事會全體成員和其他希望參加的聯(lián)合國會員國或觀察員國組成。
在第四十五屆會議期間，普遍定期審議工作組將審議的國家按預定審議順序排列如下：沙特阿拉伯、塞內加爾、中國、尼日利亞、毛里求斯、墨西哥、約旦、馬來西亞、中非共和國、摩納哥、伯利茲、乍得、剛果和馬耳他。這將是這14個國家第四次接受普遍定期審議。
代表這14個國家的高級別代表團將介紹它們?yōu)槁男腥藱嗔x務和承諾所做的努力，特別是自上次普遍定期審議以來的努力，評估積極的事態(tài)發(fā)展，明確面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
會議期間，接受審議的國家與普遍定期審議工作組之間將進行互動對話。每個國家的審議持續(xù)三個半小時，每個國家還將有半個小時專門用于通過附有同行建議的報告。
這些審議所依據(jù)的文件包括：
1.國家報告：有關國家編寫的資料，在審議期間口頭提交
2.聯(lián)合國匯編：聯(lián)合國相關機制和實體的報告中包含的信息，將由人權高專辦（OHCHR）匯編成報告
3.利益攸關方摘要：由其他相關利益攸關方提供的資料，包括非政府組織、國家人權機構、人權維護者、學術機構、研究機構和區(qū)域組織，也將由人權高專辦進行總結
對每個國家的審議由來自不同區(qū)域集團的三名理事會成員組成的小組（也稱為三國領導小組）協(xié)助進行，他們擔任報告員。三國小組是在2024年1月10日的理事會組織會議上通過抽簽選出的。
普遍定期審議工作組第45次會議的最終結果將在2024年6月或7月舉行的人權理事會第56屆常會的全體會議上通過。除被審議國和其他國家外，聯(lián)合國駐地協(xié)調員、聯(lián)合國實體國家主任、國家人權機構和非政府組織也可發(fā)言，時間為一小時。
普遍定期審議的目標
普遍定期審議的目標是改善當?shù)氐娜藱酄顩r；履行國家的人權義務和承諾，評估國家的積極發(fā)展和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)；與有關國家協(xié)商并征得其同意，加強技術援助；在國家和其他利益攸關方之間分享最佳做法；支持在促進和保護人權方面的合作；鼓勵與理事會、其他人權機構和人權高專辦充分合作和接觸。
落實普遍定期審議的建議旨在加強國家人權保護體系。在解決侵犯人權行為的根源方面，落實建議可以起到預防作用。
英文原文
Human rights records of 14 States to be examined by Universal Periodic Review mechanism
17 January 2023
Fourteen States will have their human rights records examined during the 45th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) Working Group to be held in Geneva from 22 January to 2 February 2024.
The UPR is a unique mechanism of the Human Rights Council that calls for each UN Member State to undergo a peer review of its human rights records every four-and-a-half years. The UPR Working Group comprises the entire membership of the 47-member Human Rights Council and other UN Member or Observer States wishing to take part.
The States to be reviewed by the UPR Working Group during this 45th session are, in order of scheduled review: Saudi Arabia, Senegal, China, Nigeria, Mauritius, Mexico, Jordan, Malaysia, the Central African Republic, Monaco, Belize, Chad, the Congo and Malta. This will be the fourth time these 14 States will undergo a UPR examination.
High-level delegations representing the 14 countries are expected to present the efforts they have made to fulfil their human rights obligations and commitments, particularly since their last UPR, assessing positive developments and identifying challenges.
During the session, an interactive dialogue between the country under review and the UPR Working Group takes place. Each country review lasts three-and-a-half hours, and an additional half-hour for each country will be devoted to adopting the report containing the recommendations put forward by their peers.
The documents on which these reviews are based are:
National Report: information prepared by the State concerned, presented orally during the review
UN Compilation: information contained in the reports of relevant UN mechanisms and entities to be compiled in a report by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
Summary of Stakeholders: information provided by other relevant stakeholders including non-governmental organizations, national human rights institutions, human rights defenders, academic institutions, research institutes, and regional organizations, also to be summarized by OHCHR
The review for each State is facilitated by groups of three Council members from different regional groups, also called troikas, who act as rapporteurs. The troikas were selected through a drawing of lots on 10 January 2024 during an organizational meeting of the Council.
The final outcome of the 45th session of the UPR Working Group will be adopted by the plenary of the Human Rights Council at its 56th regular session taking place in June/July 2024. For one hour, in addition to the State reviewed and other States, UN resident coordinators, country directors of UN entities, national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations can also take the floor.
Objectives of the Universal Periodic Review
The objectives of the Universal Periodic Review are the improvement of the human rights situation on the ground; the fulfilment of the State’s human rights obligations and commitments and assessment of positive developments and challenges faced by the State; the enhancement of technical assistance, in consultation with, and with the consent of, the State concerned; the sharing of best practice among States and other stakeholders; support for cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights; and the encouragement of full cooperation and engagement with the Council, other human rights bodies and OHCHR.
The implementation of UPR recommendations aims to strengthen national human rights protection systems. In addressing the root causes of human rights violations, the implementation of recommendations can have a preventive effect.
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